Question1: In the OSI model, where does PPTP encryption take place?
Question2: Which type of access control is used on a router or firewall to limit network activity?
Question3: Risks = Threats x Vulnerabilities is referred to as the:
Question4: A security consultant decides to use multiple layers of anti-virus defense, such as end user desktop anti- virus and E-mail gateway. This approach can be used to mitigate which kind of attack?
Question5: Fingerprinting VPN firewalls is possible with which of the following tools?
Question6: Which of the following is a hashing algorithm?
Question7: A security analyst is performing an audit on the network to determine if there are any deviations from the security policies in place. The analyst discovers that a user from the IT department had a dial-out modem installed. Which security policy must the security analyst check to see if dial-out modems are allowed?
Question8: One advantage of an application-level firewall is the ability to
Question9: Which of the following is a protocol specifically designed for transporting event messages?
Question10: During a wireless penetration test, a tester detects an access point using WPA2 encryption. Which of the following attacks should be used to obtain the key?
Question11: Which type of scan measures a person's external features through a digital video camera?
Question12: It is a kind of malware (malicious software) that criminals install on your computer so they can lock it from a remote location. This malware generates a pop-up window, webpage, or email warning from what looks like an official authority. It explains that your computer has been locked because of possible illegal activities on it and demands payment before you can access your files and programs again.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
Question13: A hacker searches in Google for filetype:pcf to find Cisco VPN config files. Those files may contain connectivity passwords that can be decoded with which of the following?
Question14: An engineer is learning to write exploits in C++ and is using the exploit tool Backtrack. The engineer wants to compile the newest C++ exploit and name it calc.exe. Which command would the engineer use to accomplish this?
Question15: A pentester gains access to a Windows application server and needs to determine the settings of the built- in Windows firewall. Which command would be used?
Question16: Which of the following can the administrator do to verify that a tape backup can be recovered in its entirety?
Question17: What two conditions must a digital signature meet?
Question18: Which cipher encrypts the plain text digit (bit or byte) one by one?
Question19: To send a PGP encrypted message, which piece of information from the recipient must the sender have before encrypting the message?
Question20: Which of the following is the greatest threat posed by backups?
Question21: Perspective clients want to see sample reports from previous penetration tests.
What should you do next?
Question22: Which type of scan is used on the eye to measure the layer of blood vessels?
Question23: When setting up a wireless network, an administrator enters a pre-shared key for security. Which of the following is true?
Question24: Low humidity in a data center can cause which of the following problems?
Question25: Which of the following is a symmetric cryptographic standard?
Question26: An attacker sniffs encrypted traffic from the network and is subsequently able to decrypt it. The attacker can now use which cryptanalytic technique to attempt to discover the encryption key?
Question27: Which of the following describes a component of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) where a copy of a private key is stored to provide third-party access and to facilitate recovery operations?
Question28: Which method of password cracking takes the most time and effort?
Question29: Which of the following techniques does a vulnerability scanner use in order to detect a vulnerability on a target service?
Question30: Which of the following open source tools would be the best choice to scan a network for potential targets?
Question31: A security policy will be more accepted by employees if it is consistent and has the support of
Question32: You just set up a security system in your network. In what kind of system would you find the following string of characters used as a rule within its configuration?
alert tcp any any -> 192.168.100.0/24 21 (msg: "FTP on the network!";)
Question33: While using your bank's online servicing you notice the following string in the URL bar: "http:// www.MyPersonalBank.com/account?id=368940911028389&Damount=10980&Camount=21" You observe that if you modify the Damount & Camount values and submit the request, that data on the web page reflect the changes.
Which type of vulnerability is present on this site?
Question34: A company's security policy states that all Web browsers must automatically delete their HTTP browser cookies upon terminating. What sort of security breach is this policy attempting to mitigate?
Question35: Which of the following is a primary service of the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT)?
Question36: Bluetooth uses which digital modulation technique to exchange information between paired devices?
Question37: Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?
Question38: Which of the statements concerning proxy firewalls is correct?
Question39: The following is part of a log file taken from the machine on the network with the IP address of
192.168.1.106:
What type of activity has been logged?
Question40: To determine if a software program properly handles a wide range of invalid input, a form of automated testing can be used to randomly generate invalid input in an attempt to crash the program.
What term is commonly used when referring to this type of testing?
Question41: What is the way to decide how a packet will move from an untrusted outside host to a protected inside that is behind a firewall, which permits the hacker to determine which ports are open and if the packets can pass through the packet-filtering of the firewall.
Question42: If the final set of security controls does not eliminate all risk in a system, what could be done next?
Question43: Which of the following techniques will identify if computer files have been changed?
Question44: A consultant is hired to do physical penetration testing at a large financial company. In the first day of his assessment, the consultant goes to the company`s building dressed like an electrician and waits in the lobby for an employee to pass through the main access gate, then the consultant follows the employee behind to get into the restricted area. Which type of attack did the consultant perform?
Question45: Eve stole a file named secret.txt, transferred it to her computer and she just entered these commands:
What is she trying to achieve?
Question46: You have compromised a server and successfully gained a root access. You want to pivot and pass traffic undetected over the network and evade any possible Intrusion Detection System.
What is the best approach?
Question47: A security analyst in an insurance company is assigned to test a new web application that will be used by clients to help them choose and apply for an insurance plan. The analyst discovers that the application is developed in ASP scripting language and it uses MSSQL as a database backend. The analyst locates the application's search form and introduces the following code in the search input field:
When the analyst submits the form, the browser returns a pop-up window that says "Vulnerable".
Which web applications vulnerability did the analyst discover?
Question48: When you are testing a web application, it is very useful to employ a proxy tool to save every request and response. You can manually test every request and analyze the response to find vulnerabilities. You can test parameter and headers manually to get more precise results than if using web vulnerability scanners.
What proxy tool will help you find web vulnerabilities?
Question49: What is the benefit of performing an unannounced Penetration Testing?
Question50: You've just been hired to perform a pen test on an organization that has been subjected to a large-scale attack. The CIO is concerned with mitigating threats and vulnerabilities to totally eliminate risk.
What is one of the first things you should do when given the job?
Question51: Which technical characteristic do Ethereal/Wireshark, TCPDump, and Snort have in common?
Question52: PGP, SSL, and IKE are all examples of which type of cryptography?
Question53: You are logged in as a local admin on a Windows 7 system and you need to launch the Computer Management Console from command line.
Which command would you use?
Question54: Which of the following is optimized for confidential communications, such as bidirectional voice and video?
Question55: The "white box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?
Question56: When using Wireshark to acquire packet capture on a network, which device would enable the capture of all traffic on the wire?
Question57: A company is using Windows Server 2003 for its Active Directory (AD). What is the most efficient way to crack the passwords for the AD users?
Question58: What is the main disadvantage of the scripting languages as opposed to compiled programming languages?
Question59: What is the best description of SQL Injection?
Question60: The network administrator contacts you and tells you that she noticed the temperature on the internal wireless router increases by more than 20% during weekend hours when the office was closed. She asks you to investigate the issue because she is busy dealing with a big conference and she doesn't have time to perform the task.
What tool can you use to view the network traffic being sent and received by the wireless router?
Question61: You are performing information gathering for an important penetration test. You have found pdf, doc, and images in your objective. You decide to extract metadata from these files and analyze it.
What tool will help you with the task?
Question62: A hacker, who posed as a heating and air conditioning specialist, was able to install a sniffer program in a switched environment network. Which attack could the hacker use to sniff all of the packets in the network?
Question63: Which of the following network attacks takes advantage of weaknesses in the fragment reassembly functionality of the TCP/IP protocol stack?
Question64: Which of the following is an application that requires a host application for replication?
Question65: A company's Web development team has become aware of a certain type of security vulnerability in their Web software. To mitigate the possibility of this vulnerability being exploited, the team wants to modify the software requirements to disallow users from entering HTML as input into their Web application.
What kind of Web application vulnerability likely exists in their software?
Question66: Which of the following programs is usually targeted at Microsoft Office products?
Question67: You have successfully compromised a machine on the network and found a server that is alive on the same network. You tried to ping it but you didn't get any response back.
What is happening?
Question68: Craig received a report of all the computers on the network that showed all the missing patches and weak passwords. What type of software generated this report?
Question69: During a penetration test, a tester finds that the web application being analyzed is vulnerable to Cross Site Scripting (XSS). Which of the following conditions must be met to exploit this vulnerability?
Question70: In Risk Management, how is the term "likelihood" related to the concept of "threat?"
Question71: When you return to your desk after a lunch break, you notice a strange email in your inbox. The sender is someone you did business with recently, but the subject line has strange characters in it.
What should you do?
Question72: This international organization regulates billions of transactions daily and provides security guidelines to protect personally identifiable information (PII). These security controls provide a baseline and prevent low- level hackers sometimes known as script kiddies from causing a data breach.
Which of the following organizations is being described?
Question73: Which tool can be used to silently copy files from USB devices?
Question74: In the software security development life cycle process, threat modeling occurs in which phase?
Question75: A hacker has managed to gain access to a Linux host and stolen the password file from /etc/passwd. How can he use it?
Question76: Which of the following is the successor of SSL?
Question77: At a Windows Server command prompt, which command could be used to list the running services?
Question78: Which of the following tools would be the best choice for achieving compliance with PCI Requirement 11?
Question79: Which of the following does proper basic configuration of snort as a network intrusion detection system require?
Question80: When comparing the testing methodologies of Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) the main difference is
Question81: You are tasked to perform a penetration test. While you are performing information gathering, you find an employee list in Google. You find the receptionist's email, and you send her an email changing the source email to her boss's email( boss@company ). In this email, you ask for a pdf with information. She reads your email and sends back a pdf with links. You exchange the pdf links with your malicious links (these links contain malware) and send back the modified pdf, saying that the links don't work. She reads your email, opens the links, and her machine gets infected. You now have access to the company network.
What testing method did you use?
Question82: A company has hired a security administrator to maintain and administer Linux and Windows-based systems. Written in the nightly report file is the following:
Firewall log files are at the expected value of 4 MB. The current time is 12am. Exactly two hours later the size has decreased considerably. Another hour goes by and the log files have shrunk in size again.
Which of the following actions should the security administrator take?
Question83: A penetration tester is hired to do a risk assessment of a company's DMZ. The rules of engagement states that the penetration test be done from an external IP address with no prior knowledge of the internal IT systems. What kind of test is being performed?
Question84: Least privilege is a security concept that requires that a user is
Question85: Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?
Question86: Which tool is used to automate SQL injections and exploit a database by forcing a given web application to connect to another database controlled by a hacker?
Question87: A computer technician is using a new version of a word processing software package when it is discovered that a special sequence of characters causes the entire computer to crash. The technician researches the bug and discovers that no one else experienced the problem. What is the appropriate next step?
Question88: What results will the following command yield: 'NMAP -sS -O -p 123-153 192.168.100.3'?
Question89: Which of the following lists are valid data-gathering activities associated with a risk assessment?
Question90: A computer science student needs to fill some information into a secured Adobe PDF job application that was received from a prospective employer. Instead of requesting a new document that allowed the forms to be completed, the student decides to write a script that pulls passwords from a list of commonly used passwords to try against the secured PDF until the correct password is found or the list is exhausted.
Which cryptography attack is the student attempting?
Question91: Which of the following descriptions is true about a static NAT?
Question92: While checking the settings on the internet browser, a technician finds that the proxy server settings have been checked and a computer is trying to use itself as a proxy server. What specific octet within the subnet does the technician see?
Question93: To reduce the attack surface of a system, administrators should perform which of the following processes to remove unnecessary software, services, and insecure configuration settings?
Question94: Which of the following is a preventive control?
Question95: Jimmy is standing outside a secure entrance to a facility. He is pretending to have a tense conversation on his cell phone as an authorized employee badges in. Jimmy, while still on the phone, grabs the door as it begins to close.
What just happened?
Question96: You've gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc drive. When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your tool kit you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux based tool has the ability to change any user's password or to activate disabled Windows accounts?
Question97: What technique is used to perform a Connection Stream Parameter Pollution (CSPP) attack?
Question98: What are the three types of compliance that the Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) recognizes?
Question99: Which solution can be used to emulate computer services, such as mail and ftp, and to capture information related to logins or actions?
Question100: Which of the following is a detective control?
Question101: How can rainbow tables be defeated?
Question102: A medium-sized healthcare IT business decides to implement a risk management strategy.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic responses to risk?
Question103: Which of the following problems can be solved by using Wireshark?
Question104: Which of the following is a command line packet analyzer similar to GUI-based Wireshark?
Question105: Which of the following identifies the three modes in which Snort can be configured to run?
Question106: Which of the following examples best represents a logical or technical control?
Question107: Which property ensures that a hash function will not produce the same hashed value for two different messages?
Question108: When you are collecting information to perform a data analysis, Google commands are very useful to find sensitive information and files. These files may contain information about passwords, system functions, or documentation.
What command will help you to search files using Google as a search engine?
Question109: Which NMAP feature can a tester implement or adjust while scanning for open ports to avoid detection by the network's IDS?
Question110: Which NMAP command combination would let a tester scan every TCP port from a class C network that is blocking ICMP with fingerprinting and service detection?
Question111: What is the outcome of the comm"nc -l -p 2222 | nc 10.1.0.43 1234"?
Question112: A network administrator received an administrative alert at 3:00 a.m. from the intrusion detection system.
The alert was generated because a large number of packets were coming into the network over ports 20 and 21. During analysis, there were no signs of attack on the FTP servers. How should the administrator classify this situation?
Question113: Your team has won a contract to infiltrate an organization. The company wants to have the attack be as realistic as possible; therefore, they did not provide any information besides the company name.
What should be the first step in security testing the client?
Question114: In 2007, this wireless security algorithm was rendered useless by capturing packets and discovering the passkey in a matter of seconds. This security flaw led to a network invasion of TJ Maxx and data theft through a technique known as wardriving.
Which Algorithm is this referring to?
Question115: A bank stores and processes sensitive privacy information related to home loans. However, auditing has never been enabled on the system. What is the first step that the bank should take before enabling the audit feature?
Question116: Which of the following parameters describe LM Hash (see exhibit):
Exhibit:
Question117: A certified ethical hacker (CEH) is approached by a friend who believes her husband is cheating. She offers to pay to break into her husband's email account in order to find proof so she can take him to court.
What is the ethical response?
Question118: You work as a Security Analyst for a retail organization. In securing the company's network, you set up a firewall and an IDS. However, hackers are able to attack the network. After investigating, you discover that your IDS is not configured properly and therefore is unable to trigger alarms when needed. What type of alert is the IDS giving?
Question119: Which of the following is a design pattern based on distinct pieces of software providing application functionality as services to other applications?
Question120: Session splicing is an IDS evasion technique in which an attacker delivers data in multiple, smallsized packets to the target computer, making it very difficult for an IDS to detect the attack signatures.
Which tool can be used to perform session splicing attacks?
Question121: How do employers protect assets with security policies pertaining to employee surveillance activities?
Question122: The security concept of "separation of duties" is most similar to the operation of which type of security device?
Question123: A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS?
Question124: Firewalk has just completed the second phase (the scanning phase) and a technician receives the output shown below. What conclusions can be drawn based on these scan results?
Question125: You have successfully gained access to a linux server and would like to ensure that the succeeding outgoing traffic from this server will not be caught by a Network Based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS).
What is the best way to evade the NIDS?
Question126: Which type of security document is written with specific step-by-step details?
Question127: Which of the following is considered the best way to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from Web application vulnerabilities?
Question128: Which of these options is the most secure procedure for storing backup tapes?
Question129: The intrusion detection system at a software development company suddenly generates multiple alerts regarding attacks against the company's external webserver, VPN concentrator, and DNS servers. What should the security team do to determine which alerts to check first?
Question130: Which of the following algorithms provides better protection against brute force attacks by using a 160-bit message digest?
Question131: Which of the following is an example of two factor authentication?
Question132: Which of the following is a low-tech way of gaining unauthorized access to systems?
Question133: The "gray box testing" methodology enforces what kind of restriction?
Question134: To maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, a security audit of the systems on a network must be performed to determine their compliance with security policies. Which one of the following tools would most likely be used in such an audit?
Question135: While conducting a penetration test, the tester determines that there is a firewall between the tester's machine and the target machine. The firewall is only monitoring TCP handshaking of packets at the session layer of the OSI model. Which type of firewall is the tester trying to traverse?
Question136: What is a successful method for protecting a router from potential smurf attacks?
Question137: ICMP ping and ping sweeps are used to check for active systems and to check
Question138: The chance of a hard drive failure is once every three years. The cost to buy a new hard drive is $300. It will require 10 hours to restore the OS and software to the new hard disk. It will require a further 4 hours to restore the database from the last backup to the new hard disk. The recovery person earns $10/hour.
Calculate the SLE, ARO, and ALE. Assume the EF = 1 (100%).
What is the closest approximate cost of this replacement and recovery operation per year?
Question139: A security engineer is attempting to map a company's internal network. The engineer enters in the following NMAP command:
NMAP -n -sS -P0 -p 80 ***.***.**.**
What type of scan is this?
Question140: Some passwords are stored using specialized encryption algorithms known as hashes. Why is this an appropriate method?
Question141: Initiating an attack against targeted businesses and organizations, threat actors compromise a carefully selected website by inserting an exploit resulting in malware infection. The attackers run exploits on well- known and trusted sites likely to be visited by their targeted victims. Aside from carefully choosing sites to compromise, these attacks are known to incorporate zero-day exploits that target unpatched vulnerabilities. Thus, the targeted entities are left with little or no defense against these exploits.
What type of attack is outlined in the scenario?
Question142: Which of the following tools will scan a network to perform vulnerability checks and compliance auditing?
Question143: A developer for a company is tasked with creating a program that will allow customers to update their billing and shipping information. The billing address field used is limited to 50 characters. What pseudo code would the developer use to avoid a buffer overflow attack on the billing address field?
Question144: What is one thing a tester can do to ensure that the software is trusted and is not changing or tampering with critical data on the back end of a system it is loaded on?
Question145: Which initial procedure should an ethical hacker perform after being brought into an organization?
Question146: A penetration tester was hired to perform a penetration test for a bank. The tester began searching for IP ranges owned by the bank, performing lookups on the bank's DNS servers, reading news articles online about the bank, watching what times the bank employees come into work and leave from work, searching the bank's job postings (paying special attention to IT related jobs), and visiting the local dumpster for the bank's corporate office. What phase of the penetration test is the tester currently in?
Question147: Which of the following processes evaluates the adherence of an organization to its stated security policy?
Question148: Which results will be returned with the following Google search query?
site:target.com -site:Marketing.target.com accounting
Question149: Which of the following incident handling process phases is responsible for defining rules, collaborating human workforce, creating a back-up plan, and testing the plans for an organization?
Question150: A regional bank hires your company to perform a security assessment on their network after a recent data breach. The attacker was able to steal financial data from the bank by compromising only a single server.
Based on this information, what should be one of your key recommendations to the bank?
Question151: What is the main reason the use of a stored biometric is vulnerable to an attack?
Question152: Which of the following items is unique to the N-tier architecture method of designing software applications?
Question153: A recently hired network security associate at a local bank was given the responsibility to perform daily scans of the internal network to look for unauthorized devices. The employee decides to write a script that will scan the network for unauthorized devices every morning at 5:00 am.
Which of the following programming languages would most likely be used?
Question154: What is the most common method to exploit the "Bash Bug" or "ShellShock" vulnerability?
Question155: A security engineer has been asked to deploy a secure remote access solution that will allow employees to connect to the company's internal network. Which of the following can be implemented to minimize the opportunity for the man-in-the-middle attack to occur?
Question156: Which of the following programming languages is most vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks?
Question157: What is the primary drawback to using advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm with a 256 bit key to share sensitive data?
Question158: Pentest results indicate that voice over IP traffic is traversing a network. Which of the following tools will decode a packet capture and extract the voice conversations?
Question159: One way to defeat a multi-level security solution is to leak data via
Question160: Which type of antenna is used in wireless communication?
Question161: You are using NMAP to resolve domain names into IP addresses for a ping sweep later.
Which of the following commands looks for IP addresses?
Question162: During a security audit of IT processes, an IS auditor found that there were no documented security procedures. What should the IS auditor do?
Question163: Which of the following is assured by the use of a hash?
Question164: Which of the following tools is used to analyze the files produced by several packet-capture programs such as tcpdump, WinDump, Wireshark, and EtherPeek?
Question165: An attacker gains access to a Web server's database and displays the contents of the table that holds all of the names, passwords, and other user information. The attacker did this by entering information into the Web site's user login page that the software's designers did not expect to be entered. This is an example of what kind of software design problem?
Question166: Jesse receives an email with an attachment labeled "Court_Notice_21206.zip". Inside the zip file is a file named "Court_Notice_21206.docx.exe" disguised as a word document. Upon execution, a window appears stating, "This word document is corrupt." In the background, the file copies itself to Jesse APPDATA\local directory and begins to beacon to a C2 server to download additional malicious binaries.
What type of malware has Jesse encountered?
Question167: Diffie-Hellman (DH) groups determine the strength of the key used in the key exchange process. Which of the following is the correct bit size of the Diffie-Hellman (DH) group 5?
Question168: Which method can provide a better return on IT security investment and provide a thorough and comprehensive assessment of organizational security covering policy, procedure design, and implementation?
Question169: A common cryptographical tool is the use of XOR. XOR the following binary values:
10110001
00111010
Question170: Ricardo wants to send secret messages to a competitor company. To secure these messages, he uses a technique of hiding a secret message within an ordinary message. The technique provides 'security through obscurity'.
What technique is Ricardo using?
Question171: After trying multiple exploits, you've gained root access to a Centos 6 server. To ensure you maintain access, what would you do first?
Question172: You are attempting to man-in-the-middle a session. Which protocol will allow you to guess a sequence number?
Question173: A hacker is attempting to see which IP addresses are currently active on a network. Which NMAP switch would the hacker use?
Question174: It is a regulation that has a set of guidelines, which should be adhered to by anyone who handles any electronic medical data. These guidelines stipulate that all medical practices must ensure that all necessary measures are in place while saving, accessing, and sharing any electronic medical data to keep patient data secure.
Which of the following regulations best matches the description?
Question175: An attacker uses a communication channel within an operating system that is neither designed nor intended to transfer information. What is the name of the communications channel?
Question176: How is sniffing broadly categorized?
Question177: The configuration allows a wired or wireless network interface controller to pass all traffic it receives to the central processing unit (CPU), rather than passing only the frames that the controller is intended to receive.
Which of the following is being described?
Question178: How does the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) work?
Question179: How can telnet be used to fingerprint a web server?
Question180: env x=`(){ :;};echo exploit` bash -c 'cat /etc/passwd'
What is the Shellshock bash vulnerability attempting to do on an vulnerable Linux host?
Question181: > NMAP -sn 192.168.11.200-215
The NMAP command above performs which of the following?
Question182: A Network Administrator was recently promoted to Chief Security Officer at a local university. One of employee's new responsibilities is to manage the implementation of an RFID card access system to a new server room on campus. The server room will house student enrollment information that is securely backed up to an off-site location.
During a meeting with an outside consultant, the Chief Security Officer explains that he is concerned that the existing security controls have not been designed properly. Currently, the Network Administrator is responsible for approving and issuing RFID card access to the server room, as well as reviewing the electronic access logs on a weekly basis.
Which of the following is an issue with the situation?
Question183: Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Question184: You have several plain-text firewall logs that you must review to evaluate network traffic. You know that in order to do fast, efficient searches of the logs you must use regular expressions.
Which command-line utility are you most likely to use?
Question185: It is a short-range wireless communication technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable of fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. It allows mobile phones, computers and other devices to connect and communicate using a short-range wireless connection.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
Question186: What does a firewall check to prevent particular ports and applications from getting packets into an organization?
Question187: Which security control role does encryption meet?
Question188: Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN?
Question189: When an alert rule is matched in a network-based IDS like snort, the IDS does which of the following?
Question190: Which of the following is designed to identify malicious attempts to penetrate systems?
Question191: What term describes the amount of risk that remains after the vulnerabilities are classified and the countermeasures have been deployed?
Question192: A network security administrator is worried about potential man-in-the-middle attacks when users access a corporate web site from their workstations. Which of the following is the best remediation against this type of attack?
Question193: During a penetration test, the tester conducts an ACK scan using NMAP against the external interface of the DMZ firewall. NMAP reports that port 80 is unfiltered. Based on this response, which type of packet inspection is the firewall conducting?
Question194: An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly malicious sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network's external DMZ. The packet traffic was captured by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file.
What type of network tool can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or simply a false positive?
Question195: This tool is an 802.11 WEP and WPA-PSK keys cracking program that can recover keys once enough data packets have been captured. It implements the standard FMS attack along with some optimizations like KoreK attacks, as well as the PTW attack, thus making the attack much faster compared to other WEP cracking tools.
Which of the following tools is being described?
Question196: Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
Question197: A security consultant is trying to bid on a large contract that involves penetration testing and reporting. The company accepting bids wants proof of work so the consultant prints out several audits that have been performed. Which of the following is likely to occur as a result?
Question198: The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is the worldwide not-for-profit charitable organization focused on improving the security of software. What item is the primary concern on OWASP's Top Ten Project Most Critical Web Application Security Risks?
Question199: International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 27002 provides guidance for compliance by outlining
Question200: This asymmetry cipher is based on factoring the product of two large prime numbers.
What cipher is described above?
Question201: A tester has been hired to do a web application security test. The tester notices that the site is dynamic and must make use of a back end database.
In order for the tester to see if SQL injection is possible, what is the first character that the tester should use to attempt breaking a valid SQL request?
Question202: Which of the following tools is used to detect wireless LANs using the 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN standards on a linux platform?
Question203: An attacker is trying to redirect the traffic of a small office. That office is using their own mail server, DNS server and NTP server because of the importance of their job. The attacker gains access to the DNS server and redirects the direction www.google.com to his own IP address. Now when the employees of the office want to go to Google they are being redirected to the attacker machine. What is the name of this kind of attack?
Question204: In order to show improvement of security over time, what must be developed?
Question205: While testing the company's web applications, a tester attempts to insert the following test script into the search area on the company's web site:
<script>alert(" Testing Testing Testing ")</script>
Afterwards, when the tester presses the search button, a pop-up box appears on the screen with the text:
"Testing Testing Testing". Which vulnerability has been detected in the web application?
Question206: An attacker has installed a RAT on a host. The attacker wants to ensure that when a user attempts to go to
"www.MyPersonalBank.com", that the user is directed to a phishing site.
Which file does the attacker need to modify?
Question207: Which of the following ensures that updates to policies, procedures, and configurations are made in a controlled and documented fashion?
Question208: An attacker changes the profile information of a particular user (victim) on the target website. The attacker uses this string to update the victim's profile to a text file and then submit the data to the attacker's database.
<iframe src="http://www.vulnweb.com/updateif.php" style="display:none"></iframe> What is this type of attack (that can use either HTTP GET or HTTP POST) called?
Question209: An organization hires a tester to do a wireless penetration test. Previous reports indicate that the last test did not contain management or control packets in the submitted traces. Which of the following is the most likely reason for lack of management or control packets?
Question210: What is the role of test automation in security testing?
Question211: Nation-state threat actors often discover vulnerabilities and hold on to them until they want to launch a sophisticated attack. The Stuxnet attack was an unprecedented style of attack because it used four types of vulnerability.
What is this style of attack called?
Question212: Which United States legislation mandates that the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) must sign statements verifying the completeness and accuracy of financial reports?
Question213: Which command line switch would be used in NMAP to perform operating system detection?
Question214: Company A and Company B have just merged and each has its own Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). What must the Certificate Authorities (CAs) establish so that the private PKIs for Company A and Company B trust one another and each private PKI can validate digital certificates from the other company?
Question215: A circuit level gateway works at which of the following layers of the OSI Model?
Question216: Advanced encryption standard is an algorithm used for which of the following?
Question217: Which of the following is a client-server tool utilized to evade firewall inspection?
Question218: During a recent security assessment, you discover the organization has one Domain Name Server (DNS) in a Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) and a second DNS server on the internal network.
What is this type of DNS configuration commonly called?
Question219: Which of the following conditions must be given to allow a tester to exploit a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerable web application?
Question220: While performing data validation of web content, a security technician is required to restrict malicious input.
Which of the following processes is an efficient way of restricting malicious input?
Question221: Which of the following guidelines or standards is associated with the credit card industry?
Question222: Which of the following processes of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) ensures that a trust relationship exists and that a certificate is still valid for specific operations?
Question223: Which of the following levels of algorithms does Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) use?
Question224: John the Ripper is a technical assessment tool used to test the weakness of which of the following?
Question225: Which of the following is a characteristic of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
Question226: Which of the following is one of the most effective ways to prevent Cross-site Scripting (XSS) flaws in software applications?
Question227: A certified ethical hacker (CEH) completed a penetration test of the main headquarters of a company almost two months ago, but has yet to get paid. The customer is suffering from financial problems, and the CEH is worried that the company will go out of business and end up not paying. What actions should the CEH take?
Question228: This phase will increase the odds of success in later phases of the penetration test. It is also the very first step in Information Gathering, and it will tell you what the "landscape" looks like.
What is the most important phase of ethical hacking in which you need to spend a considerable amount of time?
Question229: An ethical hacker for a large security research firm performs penetration tests, vulnerability tests, and risk assessments. A friend recently started a company and asks the hacker to perform a penetration test and vulnerability assessment of the new company as a favor. What should the hacker's next step be before starting work on this job?
Question230: When creating a security program, which approach would be used if senior management is supporting and enforcing the security policy?
Question231: The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) testing methodology addresses the need to secure web applications by providing which one of the following services?
Question232: A tester has been using the msadc.pl attack script to execute arbitrary commands on a Windows NT4 web server. While it is effective, the tester finds it tedious to perform extended functions. On further research, the tester come across a perl script that runs the following msadc functions:
Which exploit is indicated by this script?
Question233: Which tool would be used to collect wireless packet data?
Question234: A company has publicly hosted web applications and an internal Intranet protected by a firewall. Which technique will help protect against enumeration?
Question235: It is a vulnerability in GNU's bash shell, discovered in September of 2014, that gives attackers access to run remote commands on a vulnerable system. The malicious software can take control of an infected machine, launch denial-of-service attacks to disrupt websites, and scan for other vulnerable devices (including routers).
Which of the following vulnerabilities is being described?
Question236: What is the most secure way to mitigate the theft of corporate information from a laptop that was left in a hotel room?
Question237: On a Linux device, which of the following commands will start the Nessus client in the background so that the Nessus server can be configured?
Question238: An IT security engineer notices that the company's web server is currently being hacked. What should the engineer do next?
Question239: A penetration tester is attempting to scan an internal corporate network from the internet without alerting the border sensor. Which is the most efficient technique should the tester consider using?
Question240: A pentester is using Metasploit to exploit an FTP server and pivot to a LAN. How will the pentester pivot using Metasploit?
Question241: During a blackbox pen test you attempt to pass IRC traffic over port 80/TCP from a compromised web enabled host. The traffic gets blocked; however, outbound HTTP traffic is unimpeded.
What type of firewall is inspecting outbound traffic?
Question242: What are the three types of authentication?
Question243: From the two screenshots below, which of the following is occurring?
Question244: Which of the following defines the role of a root Certificate Authority (CA) in a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)?
Question245: Your company performs penetration tests and security assessments for small and medium-sized business in the local area. During a routine security assessment, you discover information that suggests your client is involved with human trafficking.
What should you do?
Question246: The following is a sample of output from a penetration tester's machine targeting a machine with the IP address of 192.168.1.106:
What is most likely taking place?
Question247: What information should an IT system analysis provide to the risk assessor?
Question248: Which of the following is a hardware requirement that either an IDS/IPS system or a proxy server must have in order to properly function?
Question249: Which element of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) verifies the applicant?
Question250: Which system consists of a publicly available set of databases that contain domain name registration contact information?
Question251: During a penetration test, a tester finds a target that is running MS SQL 2000 with default credentials. The tester assumes that the service is running with Local System account. How can this weakness be exploited to access the system?
Question252: Which of the following tools can be used for passive OS fingerprinting?
Question253: Which of the following is a strong post designed to stop a car?
Question254: Passive reconnaissance involves collecting information through which of the following?
Question255: The Heartbleed bug was discovered in 2014 and is widely referred to under MITRE's Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) as CVE-2014-0160. This bug affects the OpenSSL implementation of the transport layer security (TLS) protocols defined in RFC6520.
What type of key does this bug leave exposed to the Internet making exploitation of any compromised system very easy?
Question256: If executives are found liable for not properly protecting their company's assets and information systems, what type of law would apply in this situation?
Question257: Which of the following is an example of IP spoofing?
Question258: WPA2 uses AES for wireless data encryption at which of the following encryption levels?
Question259: An attacker has been successfully modifying the purchase price of items purchased on the company's web site. The security administrators verify the web server and Oracle database have not been compromised directly. They have also verified the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) logs and found no attacks that could have caused this. What is the mostly likely way the attacker has been able to modify the purchase price?
Question260: Windows file servers commonly hold sensitive files, databases, passwords and more. Which of the following choices would be a common vulnerability that usually exposes them?
Question261: What is a "Collision attack" in cryptography?
Question262: A botnet can be managed through which of the following?
Question263: Which of the following is an example of an asymmetric encryption implementation?
Question264: You have successfully comprised a server having an IP address of 10.10.0.5. You would like to enumerate all machines in the same network quickly.
What is the best nmap command you will use?
Question265: You have compromised a server on a network and successfully opened a shell. You aimed to identify all operating systems running on the network. However, as you attempt to fingerprint all machines in the network using the nmap syntax below, it is not going through.
What seems to be wrong?
Question266: What statement is true regarding LM hashes?
Question267: Which of the following can take an arbitrary length of input and produce a message digest output of 160 bit?
Question268: Which of the following resources does NMAP need to be used as a basic vulnerability scanner covering several vectors like SMB, HTTP and FTP?
Question269: Which of the following cryptography attack methods is usually performed without the use of a computer?
Question270: If a tester is attempting to ping a target that exists but receives no response or a response that states the destination is unreachable, ICMP may be disabled and the network may be using TCP. Which other option could the tester use to get a response from a host using TCP?
Question271: Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing security testing methodologies to conduct a security audit?
Question272: Smart cards use which protocol to transfer the certificate in a secure manner?
Question273: A Security Engineer at a medium-sized accounting firm has been tasked with discovering how much information can be obtained from the firm's public facing web servers. The engineer decides to start by using netcat to port 80.
The engineer receives this output:
Which of the following is an example of what the engineer performed?
Question274: After gaining access to the password hashes used to protect access to a web based application, knowledge of which cryptographic algorithms would be useful to gain access to the application?
Question275: An NMAP scan of a server shows port 25 is open. What risk could this pose?
Question276: Which of the following network attacks relies on sending an abnormally large packet size that exceeds TCP/IP specifications?
Question277: Which regulation defines security and privacy controls for Federal information systems and organizations?
Question278: Which of the following is a component of a risk assessment?
Question279: Which set of access control solutions implements two-factor authentication?
Question280: You are performing a penetration test. You achieved access via a buffer overflow exploit and you proceed to find interesting data, such as files with usernames and passwords. You find a hidden folder that has the administrator's bank account password and login information for the administrator's bitcoin account.
What should you do?
Question281: An attacker has captured a target file that is encrypted with public key cryptography. Which of the attacks below is likely to be used to crack the target file?
Question282: Which security strategy requires using several, varying methods to protect IT systems against attacks?
Question283: Using Windows CMD, how would an attacker list all the shares to which the current user context has access?
Question284: The use of alert thresholding in an IDS can reduce the volume of repeated alerts, but introduces which of the following vulnerabilities?
Question285: Which of the following security operations is used for determining the attack surface of an organization?
Question286: What is the main advantage that a network-based IDS/IPS system has over a host-based solution?
Question287: A company firewall engineer has configured a new DMZ to allow public systems to be located away from the internal network. The engineer has three security zones set:
The engineer wants to configure remote desktop access from a fixed IP on the remote network to a remote desktop server in the DMZ. Which rule would best fit this requirement?
Question288: While performing online banking using a Web browser, a user receives an email that contains a link to an interesting Web site. When the user clicks on the link, another Web browser session starts and displays a video of cats playing a piano. The next business day, the user receives what looks like an email from his bank, indicating that his bank account has been accessed from a foreign country. The email asks the user to call his bank and verify the authorization of a funds transfer that took place.
What Web browser-based security vulnerability was exploited to compromise the user?
Question289: An Internet Service Provider (ISP) has a need to authenticate users connecting using analog modems, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), wireless data services, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) over a Frame Relay network.
Which AAA protocol is most likely able to handle this requirement?
Question290: Which of the following is the least-likely physical characteristic to be used in biometric control that supports a large company?
Question291: Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?
Question292: Which type of intrusion detection system can monitor and alert on attacks, but cannot stop them?
Question293: Which protocol and port number might be needed in order to send log messages to a log analysis tool that resides behind a firewall?
Question294: Which of the following is the structure designed to verify and authenticate the identity of individuals within the enterprise taking part in a data exchange?
Question295: What is the process of logging, recording, and resolving events that take place in an organization?
Question296: When utilizing technical assessment methods to assess the security posture of a network, which of the following techniques would be most effective in determining whether end-user security training would be beneficial?
Question297: A newly discovered flaw in a software application would be considered which kind of security vulnerability?
Question298: Which of the following items of a computer system will an anti-virus program scan for viruses?
Question299: Which of the following statements regarding ethical hacking is incorrect?
Question300: The company ABC recently discovered that their new product was released by the opposition before their premiere. They contract an investigator who discovered that the maid threw away papers with confidential information about the new product and the opposition found it in the garbage. What is the name of the technique used by the opposition?
Question301: You have successfully gained access to your client's internal network and successfully comprised a Linux server which is part of the internal IP network. You want to know which Microsoft Windows workstations have file sharing enabled.
Which port would you see listening on these Windows machines in the network?
Question302: An incident investigator asks to receive a copy of the event logs from all firewalls, proxy servers, and Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) on the network of an organization that has experienced a possible breach of security. When the investigator attempts to correlate the information in all of the logs, the sequence of many of the logged events do not match up.
What is the most likely cause?
Question303: Which tool allows analysts and pen testers to examine links between data using graphs and link analysis?
Question304: A Certificate Authority (CA) generates a key pair that will be used for encryption and decryption of email.
The integrity of the encrypted email is dependent on the security of which of the following?
Question305: Which command lets a tester enumerate alive systems in a class C network via ICMP using native Windows tools?
Question306: Which of the following business challenges could be solved by using a vulnerability scanner?
Question307: What is the correct PCAP filter to capture all TCP traffic going to or from host 192.168.0.125 on port 25?
Question308: A hacker is attempting to see which ports have been left open on a network. Which NMAP switch would the hacker use?
Question309: A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS?
Question310: Your company was hired by a small healthcare provider to perform a technical assessment on the network.
What is the best approach for discovering vulnerabilities on a Windows-based computer?
Question311: It is an entity or event with the potential to adversely impact a system through unauthorized access, destruction, disclosure, denial of service or modification of data.
Which of the following terms best matches the definition?
Question312: When analyzing the IDS logs, the system administrator noticed an alert was logged when the external router was accessed from the administrator's computer to update the router configuration. What type of an alert is this?
Question313: A hacker has successfully infected an internet-facing server which he will then use to send junk mail, take part in coordinated attacks, or host junk email content.
Which sort of trojan infects this server?
Question314: Seth is starting a penetration test from inside the network. He hasn't been given any information about the network. What type of test is he conducting?
Question315: The purpose of a __________ is to deny network access to local area networks and other information assets by unauthorized wireless devices.
Question316: Which of the following settings enables Nessus to detect when it is sending too many packets and the network pipe is approaching capacity?
Question317: A new wireless client is configured to join a 802.11 network. This client uses the same hardware and software as many of the other clients on the network. The client can see the network, but cannot connect.
A wireless packet sniffer shows that the Wireless Access Point (WAP) is not responding to the association requests being sent by the wireless client.
What is a possible source of this problem?
Question318: A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security analyst is assigned to evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack method to demonstrate how an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the corporate network. What tool should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack?
Question319: Which of the following types of firewalls ensures that the packets are part of the established session?
Question320: How can a rootkit bypass Windows 7 operating system's kernel mode, code signing policy?
Question321: Which Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) implements a web application full of known vulnerabilities?
Question322: SOAP services use which technology to format information?
Question323: Which statement is TRUE regarding network firewalls preventing Web Application attacks?
Question324: The company ABC recently contracted a new accountant. The accountant will be working with the financial statements. Those financial statements need to be approved by the CFO and then they will be sent to the accountant but the CFO is worried because he wants to be sure that the information sent to the accountant was not modified once he approved it. What of the following options can be useful to ensure the integrity of the data?
Question325: A network administrator discovers several unknown files in the root directory of his Linux FTP server. One of the files is a tarball, two are shell script files, and the third is a binary file is named "nc." The FTP server's access logs show that the anonymous user account logged in to the server, uploaded the files, and extracted the contents of the tarball and ran the script using a function provided by the FTP server's software. The ps command shows that the nc file is running as process, and the netstat command shows the nc process is listening on a network port.
What kind of vulnerability must be present to make this remote attack possible?
Question326: Which of the following is not a Bluetooth attack?
Question327: When you are getting information about a web server, it is very important to know the HTTP Methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) that are available because there are two critical methods (PUT and DELETE). PUT can upload a file to the server and DELETE can delete a file from the server.
You can detect all these methods (GET, POST, HEAD, PUT, DELETE, TRACE) using NMAP script engine.
What nmap script will help you with this task?
Question328: When does the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) require organizations to perform external and internal penetration testing?
Question329: Which of the following tools performs comprehensive tests against web servers, including dangerous files and CGIs?
Question330: Which of the following is considered an acceptable option when managing a risk?
Question331: What is the name of the international standard that establishes a baseline level of confidence in the security functionality of IT products by providing a set of requirements for evaluation?
Question332: How can a policy help improve an employee's security awareness?
Question333: How does an operating system protect the passwords used for account logins?
Question334: Which of the following types of firewall inspects only header information in network traffic?
Question335: If an e-commerce site was put into a live environment and the programmers failed to remove the secret entry point that was used during the application development, what is this secret entry point known as?
Question336: Which of the following scanning tools is specifically designed to find potential exploits in Microsoft Windows products?
Question337: A hacker is attempting to use nslookup to query Domain Name Service (DNS). The hacker uses the nslookup interactive mode for the search. Which command should the hacker type into the command shell to request the appropriate records?
Question338: An NMAP scan of a server shows port 69 is open. What risk could this pose?
Question339: Which statement best describes a server type under an N-tier architecture?
Question340: A technician is resolving an issue where a computer is unable to connect to the Internet using a wireless access point. The computer is able to transfer files locally to other machines, but cannot successfully reach the Internet. When the technician examines the IP address and default gateway they are both on the
192.168.1.0/24. Which of the following has occurred?
Question341: A consultant has been hired by the V.P. of a large financial organization to assess the company's security posture. During the security testing, the consultant comes across child pornography on the V.P.'s computer. What is the consultant's obligation to the financial organization?
Question342: The use of technologies like IPSec can help guarantee the following: authenticity, integrity, confidentiality and
Question343: Which of the following parameters enables NMAP's operating system detection feature?
Question344: What type of OS fingerprinting technique sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS and analyzes the received response?
Question345: What is the best defense against privilege escalation vulnerability?
Question346: The fundamental difference between symmetric and asymmetric key cryptographic systems is that symmetric key cryptography uses which of the following?
Question347: A hacker was able to sniff packets on a company's wireless network. The following information was discovered:
Using the Exlcusive OR, what was the original message?
Question348: Employees in a company are no longer able to access Internet web sites on their computers. The network administrator is able to successfully ping IP address of web servers on the Internet and is able to open web sites by using an IP address in place of the URL. The administrator runs the nslookup command for www.eccouncil.org and receives an error message stating there is no response from the server. What should the administrator do next?
Question349: Which of the following is a common Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) vulnerability?
Question350: What is the main difference between a "Normal" SQL Injection and a "Blind" SQL Injection vulnerability?